| 有 | yǒu | to have; there is; there are; to exist; to be |
| 过 | guò | (experienced action marker); to cross; to go over; to pass (time); to celebrate (a holiday); to live; to get along; excessively; too-; surname Guo |
| 之 | zhī | (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的); him; her; it |
| 而 | ér | and; as well as; and so; but (not); yet (not); (indicates causal relation); (indicates change of state); (indicates contrast) |
| 无 | wú | -less; not to have; no; none; not; to lack; un- |
| 不 | bù | (negative prefix); not; no |
| 及 | jí | and; to reach; up to; in time for |
| 无不 | wú bù | none lacking; none missing; everything is there; everyone without exception |
